Thursday, May 24, 2012

Parody: Thessalonians

Thessalonians
(a parody of Thousand Miles by Vanessa Carlton)
Acts 2:9-11; Jn. 14:1-4; 1 Thess. 4:13-18; 1 Cor. 15:51-53

Making Your way back home
Taken up
With a cloud
And then You're gone

Stunning angels appeared
They're saying someday
In the same way
You'll come back

And when it's due
time, we'll meet You
The world will wonder

We'll all be caught
Up in the sky
When You come down
With a great cry
Cause we hope, like the Thessalonians,
To someday be with You for life

There are many deists
They're deriding You
And they utter that You desert us coldly

Yet You prepare our home
Where we all belong
Living in Your mansions we would be

So just where You
are, we're there too
With you forever

We'll all be caught
Up in the sky
Alive Christians
And ones who died, oh
Chapter four of First Thessalonians
Says we would all see You arrive

And come, come with an archangel's voice,
(with) a sound of trumpet of Yahweh,
(with) a loud command, oh we implore
Come now Lord.

There in mid-air's a throng
From all tribes
And all tongues
And it's awesome

Still we'll greatly be thrilled
Just seeing Your face
Seeing Your flesh
Glorified

And I believe You
And I still wait to
Behold that wonder

We'll be transformed
In blink of an eye
Last trumpet sounds
The dead will rise
Cause we hope, like the Thessalonians,
To someday just see You
 
We'll all be caught
Up in the sky
When You come down
We all will fly
Cause we hope, like the Thessalonians,
To someday be with You
To someday behold You for life

Monday, May 21, 2012

D.A. Carson on The Problem of Weak Faith

I've been listening to D.A. Carson these past few months and on a certain Q&A portion on the book of Hebrews, I find this theological (and spiritual) nugget quite helpful.

Question (from one of the audience):
"Sometimes I feel my faith is very weak. Does that mean that it is not God-given and that it's just me trying to believe?"

Here's Carson's reply:
"Probably not. The important thing to remember is that faith's ultimate strength does not depend on the faith but on faith's Object. You're saved not on the basis of how strong your faith is but on the reliability of faith's Object, which in fact you may cling to still pretty weakly. And ultimately, the stronger you see, the more clearly you see that at the end of the day it's not the strength of your faith that is the crucial thing but the reliability and truth that's in the faith's Object that is the crucial thing, the more you'll be driven to having stronger faith. Because if you're trying to strengthen your faith by simply turning up your stomach muscles to believe more strongly then you're wanting the faith to be the thing that is the crucial ingredient rather than faith's Object. At the end of the day, you're saved by faith in the sense that faith is the means of salvation. But you're not saved by faith in the abstract, you're saved by Christ. You're saved by the correct Object of faith, namely, Christ and Christ crucified, and so on. So the way you will strengthen your faith is not by simply turning up your stomach muscles to try harder to believe. The way you'll strengthen your faith is by studying Christ. And the more you understand him and his cross' worth in the scriptures... the more you'll strengthen your faith."

Without the elaborate relationship of faith, Christ and salvation, I think another theologian sufficiently answered with these words:
"...the weakest faith gets the same strong Christ as does the strongest faith." ~ Sinclair Ferguson

Wednesday, May 16, 2012

Spiritual Warfare (Part 1): Warring Against Satan

The Bible in Eph. 6:10-12 pictures the Christian as a soldier in spiritual warfare. And one of the fundamentals in war is to know your enemy.

The Bible presents three enemies of Christians:
1) The Supernatural Enemy: Satan (Jas. 4:7)
2) The Indwelling Enemy: Flesh (Rom. 8:16-18)
3) The System Enemy: The World (1 Jn. 2:15-17)

Though these three are inseparable in battle, discerning them individually would arm us more with vigilance. This is the first of a three-part series. It is in no way exhaustive[1] but I think it can offer some helpful information.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

WARRING AGAINST SATAN

A. DISCERNING SATAN
First, we shall try to describe Satan according to the scriptures.

1. Wicked Destroyer (1 Pet. 5:8-9)
We maybe are in a modern world where human intellect is exceptional and our technology is superb but Christianity never changes in its teaching that supernatural, evil beings are real. Martin Lloyd-Jones emphatically stated:
"I am certain that one of the main causes of the ill state of the Church today is the fact that the devil is being forgotten. All is attributed to us; we have all become so psychological in our attitude and thinking..."

We dare not ignore this destructive fiend. Even during Job's time, he was zealously "going to and fro on the earth" (Job 1:7), looking for opportunities to destroy God's people. (Job 2:2) How much more now that his time is short?

It wasn't arbitrary that, according to 1 Pet. 5:8-9, he was described as a lion[2] and not a dog. He is fierce and strong, unstoppable by mere human strength. We cannot defeat him on our own. He lurks to catch us unaware. Of course, he isn't omnipotent, omniscient and omnipresent but he has a bunch of agents to work for him day and night. It is his greatest ambition to spoil God's work, hence, he gives his all to destroy God's people. In some restricted sense, he even has the power death. (Heb. 2:4)

2. Wise Deceiver (2 Cor. 11:13-15)
Aside from his supernatural strength, his malicious wit brings mankind to ruin. If God is a Being of truth from start to end, Satan is the opposite. From the very beginning, we find him successful in deceiving Eve (Gen. 3), damning us all to sin and death (Rom. 5:12). At the end of time, he will energize the man of sin, the Antichrist (2 Thess. 2:1-10 cf. Rev. 13:1-8) who will deceive the nations.

He is the same in the present. He blinds the mind of unbelievers (2 Cor. 4:4) He wasn't called "The Accuser of the Brethren" (Rev. 12:10) or "the Tempter" (Mt. 4:3; 1 Thess. 3:5) for nothing. In John's apocalyptic vision, the Devil wrathfully pursues the community of faith[3]. The word "Devil" itself means "accuser" or "slanderer". He slanders us to God and slanders God to us. He is the king of malice and deceit. He deceives the whole world. (Rev. 12:9)

His deceitful schemes are not easy to unveil. He could've been doing it by suggesting evil thoughts on our minds (in a supernatural way), perhaps somehow similar to Christ's temptation. (Mt. 4; Lk. 4) More similar is the case of Peter (Lk. 22:31-34) or of Ananias (Acts 5:2) He could also do it by putting us into unfavorable circumstances to fan the evil inside us. Such is the case when he struck Job with illness and other miseries, or when he planted Paul's "thorn in the flesh" (2 Cor. 12:7). What's surer, however, is that he spares no one and tries to deceive God's children of all times. Adam and Eve at their perfect state doubted God and fell for his facade. Peter, the leader of the Twelve, after being called "Blessed", was demonized and opposed Christ's atonement.

There's one more hazardous tactic Satan uses today, namely, spreading false teachers (2 Cor. 11:13-15). Such people are not only in the world (2 Jn. 1:7) but are also inside the four corners of our worship assembly! (2 Pet. 2:1-2) It's not just a warning. Both Peter and Paul said it is going to happen. More fearful is the fact that "many will follow them...". This inner deception is a fruit of one error: ignorance of God's word (2 Tim. 4:3-4)
Oh woe to the modern church for undermining the significance of doctrine and embracing heresies like universalism! Not all who hold a Bible and stand on the pulpit inside our churches are of God! They could be the devil's. We should learn how to test the Spirit (1 Jn. 4) the way the Bereans did (Acts 17:11).

3. World Dominator (2 Cor. 4:4)
Jesus called him “ruler of this world” (Jn. 12:31) Paul called him "god of this world" (2 Cor. 4:4) and "prince of the power of the air" (Eph. 2:2). These text give us the stern warning that we are behind enemy lines. We live in Satan's territory.

So true is the inference of Dr. Robert Duncan Culver,
"It follows that the world - as cosmos, arranged in a certain way - will reflect the devil's policies and is therefore a very dangerous place in which to dwell (spiritually, morally, physically), especially to rear our children! (Should we expect their schooling under worldly government aegis to reflect godly principles?)"
Yet how often do we expose our children unguided to television and the internet? How often do we love superficial trendiness? How often are we aware that Satan could influence the academe, legal courts and government institutions the same way as he could influence false religions and criminals? I am not suggesting that we should live a fearful, Amish life but practice a cautious lifestyle with a pilgrim mindset.

B. DEFEATING SATAN
Now, there are two wrong actions we could undertake. One is to overestimate Satan. The other is to underestimate him. I offer two biblical truths we should mind to avoid such extremes.

1. Remember that the Cross of Christ Assured Satan's Final Defeat (Col. 2:8,14,15)
Some people unconsciously buy the heresy of dualism. That is, the belief that there are two equal powers in the world (good and bad). When tragedies and other unpleasant things ensue, they always attribute it to the devil, as though God is not in-control. But that is unbiblical. God has always been sovereign over everything (Psa. 103:19). Satan cannot do anything apart from God's permission (Job 1:12,2:6).

Aside from that, Satan's defeat is ascertained. Even before Christ's career, Satan already failed to tempt Christ (Mt. 4:1-11). During Christ's ministry, he saw Satan "fall like lightning" (Lk. 10:17-18). As Christ's death approaches, he said Satan has already been judged (Jn. 16:11). Finally, at the cross, Christ triumphed over all demonic "principalities and powers" (Col. 2:15). Let us cast out unneccesary fear for him.

2. Remember that the Armor of God Assures Satan's Daily Defeat (Eph 6:13-18)
But making fun of the devil is not a wise alternative. We best join Michael in respecting the devil (Jude 8,9), not speaking presumptuously about him. We should acknowledge his might and seriously resist him by putting on God's panoply everyday.

Finally, let us remember that Christ taught his disciples to pray "deliver us from the Evil One" daily. We are in a war. Against an extraordinary foe. Only by grace will we win this.

----------------------------
[1] D.A. Carson said, "There's a huge amount of details that we do not know so I'm again a little suspicious of... detailed angelology."
[2] In Rev. 12 Satan was even deemed as a "Dragon", more destructive than a lion.
[3] Such term is acceptable whether you interpret the woman to be the nation Israel or the universal Church
.

Thursday, January 5, 2012

Soteria Stands Out Against Any Manga


Manga  is Better
I love manga (and anime). It can't be helped. The anything-goes plots are mind-boggling. Its innate ability to mix various genre (like action, comedy, romance, shounen, mecha) is outstanding. And, of course, the cool and "kawaii" character designs are too appealing. I think manga's best characteristic is its expressive perspectives through artistic exaggerations. It thrills the heart. Ah, words won't suffice! Read one for yourselves (LOL). Right now, I'm still subscribing to four online manga, believing that manga is always better than any real-life and real-human-character movies or stories.*

Soteria is the Best
However, there's one real-life story that will always be better than any manga and any other story in the world. It does not just thrill the heart. IT BURNS IT. Two persons confirmed this phenomenon a long time ago:  
They said to each other, "Did not our hearts burn within us...?
These persons were subscribing to this Soteria story. But one time they were confused about the plot: 
The Hero has come. He wonderfully exhibited His power, wisdom and love. He became famous. Then, the villains appeared on the scene and fought with Him. And guess what? He was tragically crushed, haplessly hanging on a tree. What an ugly ending if that's all there is in the story.

But after three days, the Hero rose from the dead, declaring the real plot of His heroic story to these fellows. Apparently, this Hero, the main character I was referring is the historic Jesus Christ (Luke 24:13-35). And it was his "soteria" (Greek for "salvation") which is the greatest story ever told. For what reasons? I'm not sure if I can exhaust them. Let me just name some:


A) Christ is More Than A Hero
Common super heroes have their weaknesses. This Hero has none. He is divine.  (Col. 2:9) The Maker of All things. (Col. 1:16) The All-Powerful (Rev. 1:8) so when it comes to strength, He has no rival. He needs neither us nor our praise. Yet He stooped down to save us from our sins. He is more than a Hero. He's the King of the Universe. Yet He condescended even to the point of death. (Phil. 2:6-8)

B) Christ Defeats The Most Terrifying Enemies You Can Think Of
Enemy #1: Satan, the wisest deceiver. One who has mastered mind manipulation. Far more witty than Einstein or President Marcos. But on the cross, at a time when he thought he outwitted God, Christ landed a fatal blow on his head. (Gen 3:15) And in the end he will finally be overthrown. (Rev. 20:10) 
Enemy #2: Sin, the greatest virus. Nothing poisoned us like sin. It has corrupted the world with just an instance. (Rom. 5:17) But through the cross, we can be freed from sin's penalty and power.
Enemy #3: Death. The Darkest Horror. It has terribly reigned since the fall. But death shall die in the end because of Christ. (1 Cor. 15:26) 

C) Christ Has the Grandest and Most Unique Triumph
Isn't He the only Hero who rescued by being fallen, helped by being helpless? Isn't He the only Hero who, by His great power, saved not just His friends but also those who used to be His enemies (Eph. 2:1-5)?

D) Christ's Salvation is Cosmic in Its Effect
Yes, you might have heard about comic heroes "saving the day" and saving "the world" from villains. Christ's salvation does not just last for a day, though. It's for all eternity (John 3:16). He did not just save our lives. He gives us life. (John 10:10) His salvation affects not just the earth but all things (Col. 1:20). He did not come just to reduce this world's imperfection. He has come to bring perfection.

What Now? 
If you're a believer in Christ, you should dwell more on this thoughts. Read more of His word. Know that Christ is supreme in all things, hence, sufficient for all things. Know that nothing satisfies the soul more than savoring Christ's person and work.

If you're an unbeliever, you certainly are missing the greatest story ever told that affects the eternal destiny of your soul. He is not a hearsay personality on a tabloid or a legend on a folklore. He is the loving King of the universe to whom all should surrender, lest His just wrath fall upon us (Psa. 2:12).

Do you want the greatest story to burn your heart? Go grab a Bible and look for CHRIST!



-----------------------------

* It is true, however, that there are Christian manga existing now. One of which is Manga Messiah and its sequels.

Thursday, December 15, 2011

Why Don't I Seem to Grow Spiritually? (Hindrances to Spiritual Growth)

"Why don't I seem to grow spiritually?" is the question of many, not realizing that there are "spiritual earthworms" hindering the growth of their plant of spirituality.

1. False Security (Are you fully persuaded that you need spiritual growth?)

One hindrance to spiritual growth is the presumption that we're already spiritual enough and need to grow no more. The Bible teaches that sanctification--the process of being holy or of growing spiritually--takes a lifetime (Phil. 3:12). I think most of us are unwilling to deny that with our lips. But we do so with our lives. Sometimes we draw false security from good things around us. One of which is having godly parents, an orthodox church, and/or a Christian fellowship.

We should remember that each of us has personal accountability before God. You cannot bring your godly pastor-father there. God measures you by your own practical holiness (cf. 2 Cor 5:10).

Another good thing from where we might draw false security is our theological knowledge. Whenever we think we know God enough, our thirst for Him drifts away, along with our spiritual progress. But the infinite God can never be fully comprehended by finite, sinful creatures like us. Moreover, knowledge by itself is not enough (Jas 2:17). It takes the application of the Word to cultivate holiness in our lives and, consequently, grow spiritually.

Everybody needs growth. But the question is more than just whether you intellectually believe that. The question is whether you constantly live in awareness of such need. And the sign that you don't is when you don't evaluate your spirituality every day.

2. False Sources (What is your means of spiritual growth?)

Pragmatism is the key of most churches for discipleship. Basically, it is the belief that we should use whatever method will work to win people. Since most young people love bonding and fun, outing and games might be a good move. Since most unbelievers love music jamming, why not utilize Praise and Worship to evangelize them?

The problem with this, aside from the fact that it is man-centered, is that it contradicts the Bible. Paul warns us from trading "the wisdom of this world" with the simplicity of the gospel preaching (1 Cor 1:17ff) and ear-tickling tactics with sound doctrine. (2 Tim. 4:3) Through and through we can read that it is God's word that transforms us. (Psa 19:7-11; 1 Pet 2:2; Rom. 12:2). Jesus Himself, while praying at Jerusalem, gave us the true key for spiritual growth: "Sanctify them by Your Truth. Your Word is truth." (Jn 17:17)

You can indulge yourself in many "spiritual" strategies but they won't grow your faith. Christ's disciples are being made holy by the truth of God's word. What we need is the word of God saturating our lives. What we need is to have the word read, the word listened to, the word prayed, the word memorized and the word sung.

3. False Standards (Who is your standard in spirituality?)

One of the biggest mistakes we can do is to compare ourselves with unbelieving people for a spiritual checkup, forgetting that these people naturally will not progress in spirituality because they're dead (Eph 2:1). It is just normal for them not to grow because they don't even have life. But it is utterly abnormal for Christians not to grow because we are already born again (Jn 1:13).

How about co-believers? Albeit helpful for some reasons, comparing ourselves to them to the point of making them our standard of spirituality is wrong. Just because you are spiritually better than your churchmates or siblings, it doesn't mean you can be lax or assume you're growing according to God's will. Also just because your mentor is better than you, it doesn't mean being like him is your chief end. Our standard for spirituality is Christ alone (1 Jn 2:6).

So the question is not whether you are better than others. The real question is whether or not you are being more like Christ every day.

4. False Success (How do you know that you are pursuing spiritual growth?)

You've gone to the church. You've read your Bible. You've said a prayer. You got all of your spiritual disciplines done, and you still feel like God is far away and you're not spiritually growing. What's wrong?

It's not that you are doing the wrong things. But you are doing it the wrong way. We got used to do's-and-don'ts and how-tos that sometimes we already forget the essence. We are forgetting why we're trying to maintain our spiritual disciplines. We are forgetting that these are means of God's grace. It is God Himself who sanctifies. These are just doors we knock at to see God more and beg for His sovereign, sanctifying grace.

Most of the time we see spiritual disciplines as an end in themselves so we end up dog-tired with unfruitful legalism. We should, by God's grace, pursue spiritual disciplines only because we want to know God more, be closer to God more and love God more. We succeed in growing when we do not just perform our religious routines but pursue God through them.

5. False Spring (Why do you desire to grow spiritually?)

Finally, motive matters! If we seek to grow spiritually because we want the attention and praise of others, God will not bless our desire. Only when we seek His glory in our pursuit of spiritual growth will He be with us in our pursuit (1 Cor 10:31).

There is a very thin line between pursuing personal growth for God's sake and pursuing personal growth alone. Beware not to be too consumed with looking at yourself. Those who are being transformed into Christ's likeness gaze at His beauty (2 Cor 3:18).

Had we shunned these hindrances our growth will be assured. That will happen not instantly though. So be patient and know that God is not done with you yet (Phil 1:6).

Friday, September 30, 2011

Parody: You're My Joy

You're My Joy
(a parody of "Overjoyed" by Stevie Wonder)
Psalm 73:25-26; Psalm 16:11; Jer. 2:13, etc.

Over time, I've been hoarding up treasures I love
Just to know that they never render satisfaction
Till I found the Pearl I searched all my days
Now I've got to throw my treasures away

All the gifts, which You give us, are perfect and good
But You are Your best gift, 'twas of You I've been dreaming
The heaven I want would look like a hell
Without God the One who makes heaven well

Chorus:
For whom have I in heaven but You?
And on earth, too,
There is nothing
That I desire beside you
And even though my flesh and heart grow weak
You're my heart's strength
You're my Joy and you're mine 'ternally

My vile heart had me shamefully turn the Fount down
Just to find, I hewed broken cisterns [that] can't hold water
I've now found out that without the Divine
The joy that I sought can never be mine

"God is not a tool for finding pleasure. God is not the shovel, so to speak, with which we dig for buried jewels. God is Himself the treasure. The Christian's pursuit of happiness is consummated when we find in God our all in all. He and He alone is our exceeding great reward. He is not a means to a higher end. He is the end."
(Sam Storms, Pleasures Evermore, p. 79)

Thursday, June 16, 2011

The Providence of God in a Nutshell

“My Father is working until now, and I [Jesus] am working.” (John 5:17)
“And we know that for those who love God all things work together for good, for those who are called according to his purpose.” (Romans 8:28) 

Definition of Providence
 “Providence is the theological term for the continuous going forth of God’s power whereby He causes all features of the created universe to fulfill the design for which He created them. Creation explains how there happens to be a world at all; preservation explains why it still exists in good order; and providence explains how it will develop toward God’s eternally planned goal. It is the consummation in time of the plan of God made in eternity.” (Robert Duncan Culver)
“The unceasing activity of the Creator whereby, in overflowing bounty and goodwill, he upholds His creatures in ordered existence, guides and governs all events, circumstances, and free acts of angels and men, and directs everything to its appointed goal, for His own glory.” (J.I. Packer)
“God’s providence is His constant care for and His absolute rule over His creation for His own glory and the good of His people.” (Jerry Bridges)

 
Misconceptions about Providence
1. It means God is in control of all things so we’re not responsible for the actions we make.
“Do not be deceived: God is not mocked, for whatever one sows, that will he also reap.” (Gal. 6:7)
2. It means God is in control of all things so God is the author of evil
“Every good gift is from above, coming down from the Father of lights…” (James 1:17)
3. It means God has a purpose in everything and his purposes are always traceable.
“Oh, the depth of the riches and wisdom and knowledge of God! How unsearchable are his judgments and how inscrutable his ways!” (Romans 11:33)
4. It means all things work together for the good of every person in the world.

“And we know that for those who love God all things work together for good…” (Romans 8:28)


The All-Inclusiveness of Providence
 
The physical world (Psalm 135:6,7)  |  Plant Life (Psalm 104:16)  |  People’s social position  |  (Psalm 139:16)  |  People’s success and failures (Psalm 75:6,7) | The time and circumstances of a person’s death (Deuteronomy 32:48-50)  |  Guidance and spiritual needs (Matthew 5:45; 6:8,11,26; Philippians 4:19)  |  His people (Philippians 1:12-14; cf. Ephesians 3:1)  |  Apparent calamities (Philippians 1:12-14; Philemon 15)  |  Temptations, trials, persecutions (1 Corinthians 10:13; cf. Daniel 3:17,18) 

 
Some Types of Providence
1. General providence – in his provision and care for all living creatures (Matthew 6:25-30).
2. Directive providence – guiding the course and destiny of the nations (Daniel 2:21).
3. Permissive providence – such as when God allowed Satan to assault Job’s family and possessions (Job 1:8-19). This demonstrates that while God permits sin in the world, he is never the cause of sin.
4. Safeguarding providence – in protecting his people, such as in the case of Shadrach, Meshach, and Abednego in the fiery furnace (Daniel 3:8-27).
5. Restraining providence – by preventing sin and harm from happening, such as preventing Abimelek from taking Abraham’s wife, Sarah, as his concubine (Genesis 20:1-6; see also Psalm 19:13).
6. Limiting providence – such as forbidding Satan from destroying Job’s person (Job 1:12; 2:6).
7. Redirecting providence – such as when he turned the treachery of Joseph’s brothers into a provision that saved many people’s lives (Genesis 50:20). Of course, the primary example of this last mode of providence was God’s work of redirecting the death of Jesus on the cross into salvation for the world (Acts 2:23).
 
The Application of Providence
1. It provides us meaning and purpose in life. Because God is the all-wise Creator and Sustainer of all things, we can be sure that we are not here by accident and that everything has a purpose.

“To the person who believes in God the Creator, this world order is not an impersonal `nature', whose mechanistic systems mock our deepest needs and aspirations as people. Rather, it is a created order that reflects on the Creator, who is good and who continues to do `all things well'. Then we can see, as Paul saw, that `in all things God works for good with those who love him, those whom he has called according to his purpose'.” (James Houston)
2. It dispels fear and gives us certain hope for the future even amidst tragedies. We can be certain that nothing happens outside God’s sovereignty.
“The sovereignty of God is the one impregnable rock to which the suffering human heart must cling. The circumstances surrounding our lives are no accident: they may be the work of evil, but that evil is held firmly within the mighty hand of our sovereign God…. All evil is subject to Him, and evil cannot touch His children unless He permits it. God is the Lord of human history and of the personal history of every member of His redeemed family.” (Margaret Clarkson)
“When we fully recognize God's omnipotence, we will both obey him and rest secure in his protection. We will have no superstitious fears. Some people think the stars govern the world and worry about horoscopes. We can rest assured that the world is completely governed by the secret will of God, so that nothing happens without his permission, knowledge and will.” (John Calvin)
3. It gives us innumerable reasons to thank, praise, and worship God. Because behind all things is God’s sovereign power, we can glorify Him for all the loving providence He lavishes.
 “If God performs all things for us, then it is our great interest and concern in all things to study to please him upon whom we depend for all things…. Fear nothing but sin. Study nothing so much as how to please God. Do not turn from your own integrity under temptation. Trust God in the way of your duty. These are sure rules to secure yourselves and your interests in all the vicissitudes of life.” (John Flavel)

References:
Bridges, Jerry. Is God Really in Control?. Colorado Springs: Navpress, 2006.
Calvin, John.
The Institutes of Christian Religion.
Culver, Robert Duncan. Systematic Theology: Biblical and Historical. Ross-shire: Christian Focus Publications, Ltd., 2005.
Demarest, Bruce, and Matthews, Keith (Eds.). Dictionary of Everyday: Theology and Culture. Colorado Springs: Navpress, 2010.
Houston, James. The Providence of God. Lion CD of the Bible and Christianity V 2.0.